Parasit Vectors. 2015 Mar 21
Vertical transmission of Bartonella schoenbuchensis in Lipoptena cervi.
de Bruin A1, van Leeuwen AD2, Jahfari S3, Takken W4, Földvári M5, Dremmel L6, Sprong H7,8, Földvári G9.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Lipoptena cervi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, which is considered to transmit pathogens between animals and occasionally to humans. The principal life stage that is able to parasitize new hosts is a winged ked that just emerged from a pupa. To facilitate efficient transmission of pathogens between hosts, vertical transmission from female deer keds to their offspring is necessary. We investigated vertical transmission of several vector-borne pathogens associated with cervids.
METHODS:
Deer keds from several locations in Hungary were collected between 2009 and 2012. All life stages were represented: winged free-ranging adults, wingless adults collected from Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus, developing larvae dissected from gravid females, and fully developed pupae. The presence of zoonotic pathogens was determined using qPCR or conventional PCR assays performed on DNA lysates. From the PCR-positive lysates, a gene fragment was amplified and sequenced for confirmation of pathogen presence, and/or pathogen species identification.
RESULTS:
DNA of Bartonella schoenbuchensis was found in wingless males (2%) and females (2%) obtained from Cervus elaphus, dissected developing larvae (71%), and free-ranging winged males (2%) and females (11%). DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia species was present in L. cervi adults, but not in immature stages. DNA of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis was absent in any of the life stages of L. cervi.
CONCLUSIONS:
B. schoenbuchensis is transmitted from wingless adult females to developing larvae, making it very likely that L. cervi is a vector for B. schoenbuchensis. Lipoptena cervi is probably not a vector for A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia species, and Candidatus N. mikurensis.
Full Text:
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/8/1/176
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,,Strzyżaki są o tyle niebezpieczne, że mogą przenosić bakterie powodujące choroby i zmiany skórne. Niektóre źródła podają, że strzyżaki mogą być nosicielami drobnoustrojów powodujących anaplazmozę oraz boreliozę. Najgroźniejsze mogą być dla małych dzieci i osób uczulonych na ich jad. Może dojść u nich do silnej reakcji skóry, a także problemów z oddychaniem.,,
http://www.medonet.pl/zdrowie,strzyzaki---niebezpieczne-owady-w-lasach--latwo-pomylic-je-z-kleszczami,artykul,1725165.html
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Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536081/
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http://edepot.wur.nl/355218.
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Vertical transmission of Bartonella schoenbuchensis in Lipoptena cervi.
de Bruin A1, van Leeuwen AD2, Jahfari S3, Takken W4, Földvári M5, Dremmel L6, Sprong H7,8, Földvári G9.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Lipoptena cervi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, which is considered to transmit pathogens between animals and occasionally to humans. The principal life stage that is able to parasitize new hosts is a winged ked that just emerged from a pupa. To facilitate efficient transmission of pathogens between hosts, vertical transmission from female deer keds to their offspring is necessary. We investigated vertical transmission of several vector-borne pathogens associated with cervids.
METHODS:
Deer keds from several locations in Hungary were collected between 2009 and 2012. All life stages were represented: winged free-ranging adults, wingless adults collected from Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus, developing larvae dissected from gravid females, and fully developed pupae. The presence of zoonotic pathogens was determined using qPCR or conventional PCR assays performed on DNA lysates. From the PCR-positive lysates, a gene fragment was amplified and sequenced for confirmation of pathogen presence, and/or pathogen species identification.
RESULTS:
DNA of Bartonella schoenbuchensis was found in wingless males (2%) and females (2%) obtained from Cervus elaphus, dissected developing larvae (71%), and free-ranging winged males (2%) and females (11%). DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia species was present in L. cervi adults, but not in immature stages. DNA of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis was absent in any of the life stages of L. cervi.
CONCLUSIONS:
B. schoenbuchensis is transmitted from wingless adult females to developing larvae, making it very likely that L. cervi is a vector for B. schoenbuchensis. Lipoptena cervi is probably not a vector for A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia species, and Candidatus N. mikurensis.
Full Text:
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/8/1/176
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
,,Strzyżaki są o tyle niebezpieczne, że mogą przenosić bakterie powodujące choroby i zmiany skórne. Niektóre źródła podają, że strzyżaki mogą być nosicielami drobnoustrojów powodujących anaplazmozę oraz boreliozę. Najgroźniejsze mogą być dla małych dzieci i osób uczulonych na ich jad. Może dojść u nich do silnej reakcji skóry, a także problemów z oddychaniem.,,
http://www.medonet.pl/zdrowie,strzyzaki---niebezpieczne-owady-w-lasach--latwo-pomylic-je-z-kleszczami,artykul,1725165.html
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Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway
Abstract
Infections with Bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. Large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. We describe identification by culture, PCR, and housekeeping gene sequencing of Bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (Lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, Alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in Norway. Direct sequencing from moose blood sampled in a deer ked-free area also indicated Bartonella infection but at a much lower prevalence. The sequencing data suggested the presence of mixed infections involving two species of Bartonella within the deer ked range, while moose outside the range appeared to be infected with a single species. Bartonella were not detected or cultured from unfed winged deer keds. The results may indicate that long-term bacteremia in the moose represents a reservoir of infection and that L. cervi acts as a vector for the spread of infection of Bartonella spp. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of L. cervi in the transmission of Bartonella to animals and humans and the possible pathogenicity of these bacteria for humans and animals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536081/
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Vertical
transmission of Bartonella schoenbuchensis in Lipoptena
cervi
Arnout
de Bruin1*, Arieke Docters van Leeuwen1, Setareh Jahfari1, Willem
Takken2, Mihály Földvári3, László Dremmel4,Hein Sprong1,2 and
Gábor Földvári5*
Abstract
Background:
Lipoptena cervi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is a hematophagous
ectoparasite of cervids, which is considered to transmit pathogens
between animals and occasionally to humans. The principal life stage
that is able to parasitize new hosts is a winged ked that just
emerged from a pupa. To facilitate efficient transmission of
pathogens between hosts, vertical transmission from female deer keds
to their offspring is necessary. We investigated vertical
transmission of several vectorborne pathogens associated with
cervids.
Methods:
Deer keds from several locations in Hungary were collected between
2009 and 2012. All life stages were represented: winged free-ranging
adults, wingless adults collected from Capreolus capreolus and
Cervus elaphus,developing larvae dissected from gravid
females, and fully developed pupae. The presence of zoonotic
pathogens was determined using qPCR or conventional PCR assays
performed on DNA lysates. From the PCR-positive lysates,a gene
fragment was amplified and sequenced for confirmation of pathogen
presence, and/or pathogen species identification.
Results:
DNA of Bartonella schoenbuchensis was found in wingless males
(2%) and females (2%) obtained from Cervus elaphus, dissected
developing larvae (71%), and free-ranging winged males (2%) and
females (11%). DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia
species was present in L. cervi adults, but not in
immature stages. DNA of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis was
absent in any of the life stages of L. cervi.
Conclusions:
B. schoenbuchensis is transmitted from wingless adult females
to developing larvae, making it very likely that L. cervi is a
vector for B. schoenbuchensis. Lipoptena cervi is probably not
a vector for A. phagocytophilum,Rickettsia species, and
Candidatus N. mikurensis.
http://edepot.wur.nl/355218.
-------------------
Detection of Lyme disease and anaplasmosis pathogens via PCR in Pennsylvania deer ked.
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligate intracellular parasites that maintain their life cycles in enzoonotic vector-host cycles with Ixodes scapularis as a vector. In addition to ticks, the hosts are commonly infested with insects from the Hippoboscidae family. This study confirms the presence of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum in deer keds (Lipoptena cervi) removed from white-tailed deer using PCR. Detection of these pathogens in deer ked represents a potential novel susceptibility of wildlife and also suggests the risk of transmission of these pathogens to humans and animals alike through the bite of an infected ectoparasite. This study represents the first instance in the U.S. of detection of tick-borne pathogens in a member of the Hippoboscid family.
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